In the new film by director Lav Diaz, some questions are raised about the history of our islands as we have always known it.

Mexican actor Gael Garcia Bernal stars in Magellan, which reexamines the discovery of the Philippines by European explorers and questions the existence of a national resistance hero. 

The film, which premiered at the Cannes film festival on 18 May, takes its title from Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, played by Bernal, who set sail in the early 1500s across the Atlantic in search of Far East riches.

Diaz acknowledges he is tackling sensitive issues.

“He is the first European to be able to set foot in the Philippines. And at the same time, the conversion (to Christianity) of the Filipinos started with him,” Diaz told AFP. “And, of course, colonization eventually.”

Magellan, who was sponsored by the Spanish crown, died at the Battle of Mactan on 27 April 1521, killed in combat by warriors said to be led by Lapulapu.

Diaz puts forward a theory in his film that Lapulapu, who is now revered for his resistance, was, in fact, an invention of Humabon, the monarch of a neighboring island.

The Battle of Mactan “was a trap” for the explorer, who was told that people on Mactan island were resisting the arrival of Christianity.

“No one ever saw Lapulapu,” Diaz says, adding that his conclusions are based on “years of research” into this key episode in Philippine history.

Evidence for him is only found in the writings of Antonio Pigafetta, an Italian who accompanied Magellan and whose testimony Diaz considers unreliable.

“There will be people who accuse me of revisionism,” added the Filipino filmmaker, who won the Golden Lion top prize in Venice in 2016 for The Woman Who Left.

Diaz is part of the “slow cinema” movement, which has a contemplative and minimalist style.

He has described his filmmaking as a way for his fellow citizens to find their national identity after centuries of colonization by Spain and the United States.

Known for his lengthy works — he once said his movies were so long no-one would buy them — this latest feature is a relatively brisk two hours and 40 minutes.

“I’m just an observer. I don’t like being an intruder,” he said of his directing style. 

His longest film runs to 11 hours and his 2016 entry for the Berlin film festival, A Lullaby to the Sorrowful Mystery, was eight.

Diaz’s filmmaking is strongly influenced by his tumultuous childhood, growing up in the conflict-plagued southern town of Datu Paglas.

His parents, both state school teachers, uprooted themselves from the peaceful north to teach children in war zones how to read and write.