The United States will ensure "robust, ready and credible deterrence" in the Asia-Pacific, including across the Taiwan Strait, US Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth said Sunday, calling Chinese actions "aggressive and coercive."

Speaking in Japan, Hegseth also stopped short of publicly calling on Tokyo to increase military spending, saying he trusted the close US ally to "make the correct determination of what capabilities are needed".

"America is committed to sustaining robust, ready and credible deterrence in the Indo-Pacific, including across the Taiwan Strait," Hegseth said, using Washington's term for the Asia-Pacific region. 

"Japan would be on the frontlines of any contingency we might face in the western Pacific and we stand together in support of each other," he told reporters after talks with Japanese counterpart Gen Nakatani.

"That is why today Minister Nakatani and I talked about the severe and urgent security environment around Japan, and we discussed what we are going to do about it."

Beijing has stepped up military pressure in recent years around Taiwan, including near-daily air incursions, and has not ruled out using force to bring the island under its control.

Okinawa base

Japan and the United States are each other's top foreign investors, and 54,000 US military personnel are stationed in Japan — mostly in Okinawa, east of Taiwan.

But Trump's "America First" approach could mean weakening the US commitment for security in the region as well as more pressure — like in Europe — on allies to spend more.

Hegseth said that he "did not talk specific numbers" about defence spending in his talks with Nakatani and Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba.

"We're confident that Japan will make the correct determination of what capabilities are needed inside our alliance to make sure we are standing shoulder to shoulder," he said.

"They have been a model ally, and we have no doubt that will continue. But we also both recognize everybody needs to do more."

Japan has been shedding its strict pacifist stance, moving to obtain "counterstrike" capabilities and doubling military spending to the NATO standard of two percent of GDP.

But Washington could ask it to do more, with Trump's nominee for a key Pentagon policy position, Elbridge Colby, calling for defense spending of three percent of GDP.

Nakatani said Sunday that he told Hegseth that spending should be "implemented based on Japan's own judgement and responsibility". 

"I also explained Japan has continuously been working on a drastic strengthening of out defense capability... on which we received understanding from the US side," he said.

Hegseth said the Tokyo meetings "affirmed the extraordinary strength of America's alliance with Japan".

"President Trump has also made it very clear, and we reiterate, we are going to put America first. But America first does not mean America alone," he added.

"America and Japan stand firmly together in the face of aggressive and coercive actions by the Communist Chinese."

by Simon Sturdee / Kyoko Hasegawa