Taal Volcano in Batangas recorded three minor eruptions in its main crater on Sunday morning, the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (Phivolcs) reported.

According to Phivolcs, one minor phreatic eruption occurred at 2:55 a.m., followed by two minor phreatomagmatic eruptions at 8:13 a.m. and 8:20 a.m. Plumes rose between 1,200 and 2,100 meters above the crater.

A separate phreatic eruption also took place on Saturday and lasted about three minutes, based on Phivolcs’ latest monitoring bulletin covering the period from 12 a.m. Saturday to 12 a.m. Sunday.

Phreatic eruptions are steam-driven explosions caused by water coming into contact with hot volcanic material, while phreatomagmatic eruptions involve direct interaction between magma and water, making them generally more explosive.

Phivolcs also recorded nine volcanic earthquakes, including two volcanic tremors lasting 47 to 96 minutes each, and sulfur dioxide emissions averaging 436 tons per day as of 25 October.

Volcanic earthquakes are brief shaking events caused by rock fracturing beneath the volcano, while volcanic tremors are longer and continuous vibrations associated with magma or gas movement.

Moderate steam emissions reaching up to 600 meters were observed drifting northwest.

Taal Volcano remains under Alert Level 1, indicating a low level of volcanic unrest. Phivolcs reminded the public that entry into Taal Volcano Island remains strictly prohibited due to the possibility of sudden phreatic explosions, ashfall, and gas emissions.