The US Federal Reserve is expected to announce its second rate cut of the year on Wednesday, despite ongoing uncertainty about the health of the US economy due to the government shutdown.

The central bank’s second-to-last rate meeting of the year is taking place against the backdrop of a weeks-long standoff between Republicans and Democrats over healthcare subsidies, resulting in the ceased publication of almost all official data.

Without these key insights into the US economy, Fed officials will be forced to set interest rates without the full spectrum of data they normally rely upon.

Analysts and traders expect the bank to plough ahead with a quarter percentage-point cut, lowering its key lending rate to between 3.75 percent and 4.00 percent, without giving too much away about the final rate cut of the year in December.

The lack of official information complicates the ongoing debate at the Fed over whether to cut rates swiftly to support the weakening labor market, or to stand firm in the face of inflation, which remains stuck stubbornly above the bank’s long-term target of two percent, fueled by Donald Trump’s sweeping tariffs on top trading partners.

The US central bank has a dual mandate from Congress to act independently to tackle both inflation and unemployment, which it does by raising, holding, or cutting its benchmark lending rate.

“They’ll have to decide how much (inflation) is still to come versus how much is just never going to come, and that’s the big question right now,” former Fed official Joseph Gagnon said.

The argument has been that “the strength and inflation is only temporary...but the the weakness of unemployment might be more long lasting,” he said.

“In my view, that argument is going to continue to hold sway this month, because the data are still in that direction,” added Gagnon, who is a senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE).

Blunt tool

The only major data point published since the shutdown began on 1 October was US consumer inflation, which came in hot at 3.0 percent in the 12 months to September, according to delayed Labor Department data published on Friday.

But the figure came in slightly below expectations, cheering the financial markets, which closed at fresh records on the news.

The Fed uses a different measure to gauge inflation, but that guideline also remains stuck well above target, according to data published before the shutdown.

On the other side of the mandate, employment has slowed sharply in recent months, with just 22,000 jobs created in August, even as the unemployment rate hovers near historic lows at 4.3 percent.

Tool goes blunt

“The goal is to get it just right, and that’s a hard thing to do with such a blunt tool,” KPMG chief economist Diane Swonk said, referring to the Fed’s key interest rate.

Swonk expects the Fed to cut twice more this year, and to announce an end to its program of shrinking its balance sheet next week — known as quantitative tightening — in the face of rising liquidity risks.

The Fed has been rocked this year by relentless attacks on personnel directed from the White House, with Trump often taking to his Truth Social network to criticize Fed chair Jerome Powell, who steps down next year.

The Trump administration has also gone after Fed governor Lisa Cook, attempting to remove her from her post on accusations of mortgage fraud.

Cook fought back against the legal challenge to remove her, with the case going all the way up to the US Supreme Court, which has said it will hear the arguments against her in January next year.

The timing of that decision means the Supreme Court is unlikely to rule on whether Cook can remain in her post before the end of February, the deadline for the US central bank’s board to decide whether to reappoint regional Fed presidents — a process that occurs only once every five years.

“It seems like the odds that he could do this maneuver are greatly diminished,” PIIE’s Gagnon said.