NASA launches Lunar Trailblazer to map moon’s hidden water
Small satellite aims to unlock lunar ice deposits for future space missions
Areas of the Moon’s south pole with possible deposits of water ice, shown in blue. The map is based on data taken by NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter.
NASA
NASA has launched the Lunar Trailblazer satellite, a cutting-edge mission designed to detect and map water deposits on the moon’s surface—crucial for future lunar exploration. The dishwasher-sized spacecraft lifted off aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida on 26 February, aiming to uncover ice reservoirs hidden in the moon’s permanently shadowed craters.
Hunting for water in the moon’s shadows
Weighing 440 pounds (200 kg), the Lunar Trailblazer will orbit between 60 and 100 miles above the lunar surface, using advanced instruments to identify water molecules and measure temperature variations. Scientists believe that vast ice deposits exist in the moon’s polar craters, where sunlight never reaches, making them potential resources for future astronauts.
Planetary scientist Bethany Ehlmann, the mission’s principal investigator, emphasized the significance of these water deposits. "While signs of water have been found in sunlit areas, our focus is on the massive ice reservoirs that could sustain future lunar missions," she said.
A composite image using data from NASA’s Moon Mineralogy Mapper. The blue shows areas of confirmed water ice on the lunar surface.
ISRO/NASA/JPL-Caltech/Brown University/USGS
Why lunar water matters
The discovery of accessible water on the moon could revolutionize space exploration. Water can be purified for drinking, converted into oxygen for breathing, and even split into hydrogen and oxygen to produce rocket fuel—making it a key resource for establishing sustainable lunar bases and future Mars missions.
Additionally, understanding how water formed and persists on the moon could provide insights into Earth’s own water history. Oxford planetary scientist Tristram Warren noted that studying lunar water could help answer fundamental questions about the origins of water in our solar system.
Cutting-edge technology in action
The Lunar Trailblazer is equipped with two sophisticated instruments:
Lunar Thermal Mapper (LTM): Measures surface temperatures to understand how heat influences water movement.
High-resolution Volatiles and Minerals Moon Mapper (HVM3): Detects unique light patterns from water molecules to map their distribution.
Over the next several months, the spacecraft will conduct a series of flybys before settling into lunar orbit for detailed mapping. Scientists hope its data will confirm the extent of the moon’s ice reserves and pave the way for future human exploration.
