New bird flu mutation, cat infections cause alarm
An elderly Louisiana patient was in ‘critical condition’ with a severe H5N1 infection.
Daily TribuneAn elderly Louisiana patient was in ‘critical condition’ with a severe H5N1 infection.
Researchers are keeping a close eye on the mounting cases of bird flu infections in cats
Mandel NGAN / AFP/File
WASHINGTON, United States (AFP) — The ongoing spread of bird flu in the United States has alarmed experts — not just because of human cases causing severe illness, but also due to troubling new instances of infections in cats.
A sample of the virus found in a critically ill patient in the US has shown signs of mutating to better suit human airways, although there is no indication it has spread beyond that individual, authorities report.
Earlier this month, officials announced that an elderly Louisiana patient was in “critical condition” with a severe H5N1 infection.
An analysis posted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Thursday revealed that a small percentage of the virus in the patient’s throat carried genetic changes that could increase the virus’s ability to bind to certain cell receptors found in the human upper respiratory tract.
Importantly, the CDC noted that these changes have not been detected in birds — including in the backyard poultry flock believed to have been the source of the patient’s initial infection.
Instead, the agency said the mutations were “likely generated by replication of this virus in the patient with advanced disease,” emphasizing that no transmission of the mutated strain to other humans had been identified.
Several experts contacted by Agence France-Presse cautioned that it was too early to determine whether these changes would make the virus more transmissible or more severe in people.
Angela Rasmussen, a virologist at the University of Saskatchewan in Canada, explained that while the mutation might help the virus enter cells more easily, additional evidence -- such as animal testing -- would be needed to confirm any effect on transmissibility.
Moreover, similar mutations have occurred in previous critically ill patients without leading to broader outbreaks.
“It’s good to know we should be looking out for this,” Rasmussen said, “but it doesn’t actually tell us, ‘Oh, we’re this much closer to a pandemic now.’”
Thijs Kuiken of Erasmus University Medical Center in the Netherlands agreed.
“Efficient attachment to human upper respiratory tract cells is necessary, but not sufficient, for more efficient transmissibility between people,” he said, adding that the process is just one among several steps required for successful viral replication.
Rather than intensifying disease, Kuiken pointed out, such adaptations might actually result in milder infections by favoring cells in the upper respiratory tract — causing symptoms like a runny nose or sore throat — rather than affecting the lower respiratory tract, which leads to more severe pneumonia.
Meanwhile, A cat in Oregon died after consuming raw pet food confirmed to be contaminated with H5N1, prompting a recall of Northwest Naturals’ Feline Turkey Recipe raw and frozen pet food.
“This cat was strictly an indoor cat; it was not exposed to the virus in its environment,” said state veterinarian Ryan Scholz in a statement. Genome sequencing showed that the virus in the pet food matched exactly the strain found in the cat.
