Robot dancing has surged in popularity in China since Unitree humanoids appeared during the country’s Spring Festival gala, prompting businesses and event organizers to book robots for performances.
But teaching a robot to dance is far from automatic.
Human movements must first be captured, simulated and translated into instructions that the machines can execute. A 30-second routine can take days or even weeks to refine, according to robotics motion-capture specialists.
Robots excel at spinning and other power moves, but flexibility and musical improvization remain major weaknesses. Most routines are pre-programmed, meaning the machines cannot easily adjust if the music or choreography suddenly changes.
For choreographers, that means designing routines around what robots can actually do.
Despite the limitations, the performances have become a showcase for China’s rapidly growing humanoid robotics industry.
Industry figures see dancing as more than entertainment. Complex routines demonstrate balance, motor control, reliability and coordination, all of which could eventually translate into more practical applications.
China accounted for more than 97 percent of global humanoid robot shipments in the first half of 2026, according to figures cited by AFP, while Morgan Stanley has forecast the country’s humanoid robotics market could reach $2 billion this year.