There are nine readings for the Easter Vigil, though these may be reduced to five: three from the Old Testament and two from the New Testament. The reading from Exodus 14:15 (the crossing of the Red Sea and liberation from slavery) must always be included. Participation in the Vigil fulfills the Sunday obligation.

According to the Roman Missal, the Holy Saturday Vigil is the “mother of all vigils” (St. Augustine), the greatest of all solemnities. It marks the Church’s watch for the risen Christ, celebrating his Resurrection and awaiting his return. It is the passage from darkness to light and the turning point of the Paschal Triduum—the apex of the liturgical year.

The Vigil has four parts: the Liturgy of Light (Lucernarium), the Liturgy of the Word (salvation history), the Baptismal Liturgy, and the Eucharistic Liturgy.

In the Lucernarium, a new fire is blessed outside the church, symbolizing light overcoming darkness. The Paschal Candle, representing Christ, is lit and carried into the dark church as candles are gradually lit. The Exsultet, the Easter proclamation, is then sung.

In the Liturgy of the Word, readings recount salvation history. After the final Old Testament reading, lights are turned on, bells ring, and the Gloria is sung. The Epistle links Baptism with the Resurrection, followed by the Alleluia and Gospel.

The Baptismal Liturgy recalls the early Church tradition of baptizing new members during the Vigil. The priest blesses the baptismal water, and the faithful renew their baptismal promises. The sacraments of Baptism, Confirmation, and Eucharist may be celebrated together.

The Eucharistic Liturgy is the summit of the Vigil, where the Risen Christ is received in Communion. The celebration ends with a solemn blessing and dismissal with a double Alleluia.

Beginning at sunset on Holy Saturday, the Vigil marks the start of Easter Sunday, traditionally associated with Christ’s Resurrection at midnight. The faithful are called to live the new life of Christ through service, especially to those in need.

Prayer: O God, you make this most sacred night radiant with the Lord’s Resurrection. Renew your Church in body and spirit, that we may serve you with undivided hearts. Amen.