The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (Phivolcs) has cautioned the public about potential hazards posed by Kanlaon Volcano, citing fluctuations in sulfur dioxide (SO₂) emissions as a key indicator of its activity.

In a televised interview with PTV News, Phivolcs Director Dr. Teresito Bacolcol outlined the parameters being monitored that could lead to the elevation of Kanlaon’s status to Alert Level 4. These include increased volcanic earthquakes and significant changes in sulfur dioxide emissions.

“Once the sulfur dioxide emissions suddenly decrease, it means that the volcano’s conduit is blocked,” Bacolcol explained. He warned that a blocked conduit could result in a dangerous buildup of pressure, potentially leading to an explosive eruption.

Bacolcol cited a similar occurrence on 9 December, when Kanlaon experienced an explosive eruption following a drop in SO₂ emissions.

With the current “elevated parameters,” including increased volcanic activity, Bacolcol emphasized that while Kanlaon remains under Alert Level 3, the possibility of raising the status to Alert Level 4 is not ruled out.

“We are still maintaining Alert Level 3; however, the possibility of the volcano being elevated to Alert Level 4 is always there,” he stated.

Between 4 and 5 January, Phivolcs recorded 23 volcanic earthquakes, including three volcanic tremors. The agency also observed an ash emission lasting nearly two hours, further signaling increased volcanic activity. Additionally, Kanlaon’s edifice remains inflated, indicating magma buildup beneath the surface.

Under Alert Level 4, a hazardous eruption is imminent. This level of activity is typically characterized by earthquake swarms, intensified volcanic tremors, lava extrusions, and more frequent ash explosions.

Phivolcs continues to monitor Kanlaon closely and urges residents and local government units in surrounding areas to remain vigilant. Preparedness measures and adherence to safety advisories are critical as the situation evolves.