Gazans were fleeing their homes and rushing their dead and wounded to hospitals after fresh Israeli strikes on Friday, as combat resumed between Israel and Hamas following the expiry of a week-long truce.

An agreement on extending the pause in fighting — under which aid flows into Gaza had increased and scores of Israeli hostages were exchanged for hundreds of jailed Palestinian prisoners — could not be reached before the 7 a.m. deadline, with hostilities resuming immediately.

Smoke billowed over the southern cities of Rafah and Khan Yunis following Israeli strikes, with deaths recorded in both places, according to hospital officials and Agence France-Presse journalists at the scene.

Gaza's health ministry spokesperson Ashraf al-Qudra said 14 people had been killed in the first two hours after a truce between Israel and Hamas expired Friday and fighting resumed.

In Khan Yunis, a group of men chanted "God is greatest" as they rushed through the streets carrying a body wrapped in a white shroud.

Sitting on a bed at the city's Nasser hospital, Amal Abu Dagga wept, her beige veil covered in blood.

"I don't even know what happened to my children," she said.

A relative, Jamil Abu Dagga, told AFP the family had been at home when the bombs started falling.

"My house was destroyed, so was my neighbour's," he said from the Nasser hospital, his head bandaged.

'War on children'

In Rafah, a young man rushed a badly wounded child out of a refugee camp hit by an explosion, while others could be seen pulling a motionless person from the rubble.

Marwan al-Hams, the director of Al-Najar hospital in Rafah, where many Palestinians fled after being told by Israel to leave the north of the territory, said strikes had killed at least nine people in the city, including four children.

In the north of the Gaza Strip, the fireball from a large explosion could be seen from across the border in the Israeli city of Sderot, and an AFPTV livecam broadcast rolling clouds of grey smoke and the sounds of automatic gunfire within the first 90 minutes of the truce expiring.

Speaking from an unnamed hospital in Gaza, UNICEF spokesperson James Elder said in a video posted to X on Friday that a bomb had landed "literally 50 meters away."

"We cannot see more children with the wounds of war, with the burns, with the shrapnel littering their body, with the broken bones," Elder said.

"This is a war on children," he added.

Marwa Saleh, 47, fled from her home in Gaza City in the first phase of the war to seek refuge in Khan Yunis.

"My family and me are civilians, we have nothing to do with this war," she said as the bombardments restarted. "I don't want to die and I don't want to lose anyone."

Meanwhile, a source who asked to be anonymous said, "Negotiations are still ongoing with Qatari and Egyptian mediators despite the resumption of Israeli airstrikes on Gaza," a source briefed on the talks told AFP, asking to remain anonymous due to the sensitivity of the talks, after intense overnight discussions failed to secure an eighth ceasefire day.