"What an incredible player she is, approaching the net, what a great returner, moving well, very brave," Sabalenka said. "You can see how focused she was and it was really challenging playing her, especially here."
The second set unfolded in traditional style, neither player facing a break point through the first three games.
Sabalenka blinked first, surrendering a break that gave Townsend a 3-1 lead. But she broke back immediately, launching a run of five straight games to take the match.
"I was just trying to stay focused on myself and play not only point by point but ball by ball," Sabalenka said. "I'm happy that I was able to turn around that second set."
Noskova needed six match points to seal her victory over Kostyuk, failing to convert two in the second set.
"I am more than relieved," Noskova said. "This match was so tough, emotionally more so than physically."
Former champion Daniil Medvedev of Russia, seeded seventh, faced charismatic American Frances Tiafoe on Louis Armstrong Stadium.
Tiafoe, the 11th seed who has twice reached the semi-finals in Flushing Meadows, booked his quarter-final berth with a 7-6 (7/1), 6-4, 7-6 (8/6) victory over Medvedev.
Brimming with confidence after a US Open build-up that included a runner-up finish in Cincinnati, Tiafoe will face compatriot Alex Michelsen for a place in the semi-finals.
Michelsen defeated Argentina's Tomas Martin Etcheverry 7-6 (8/6), 6-4, 6-4.
In other matches, third-ranked Jessica Pegula — one of the players with a chance to supplant Sabalenka atop the rankings in New York — took on Romanian veteran Sorana Cirstea, who is enjoying one of her best seasons in 2026 since announcing it would be her last.