A new study by the University of Bristol has identified a critical gap in the Philippines’ pandemic preparedness — its prison system — highlighting the need for stronger, proactive measures ahead of future health crises.

Released in time for World Health Day on 7 April, the research aligns with the World Health Organization’s call for governments to turn evidence into action.

The university’s British Academy-funded study compared how prisons in the Philippines, Malaysia, and Thailand managed the Covid-19 pandemic.

It drew on government policy documents, data on prison spending dating back to 2010, and interviews with 37 senior officials from prison services, health agencies, and oversight bodies in the three countries.

Findings showed that overcrowding in Philippine prisons severely limited the implementation of basic infection control measures. In some facilities, occupancy levels exceeded 362 percent of official capacity at the onset of the pandemic, with more than 360 individuals confined in spaces designed for 100.

The study noted that measures such as social distancing were impossible under such conditions. While governments were able to mobilize funding during the crisis, spending was largely triggered only when outbreaks threatened the broader community, rather than to safeguard those inside detention facilities.