WASHINGTON, United States (AFP) — The “Doomsday Clock” representing how near humanity is to catastrophe on Tuesday moved closer than ever to midnight as concerns mount on nuclear weapons, climate change and disinformation.

The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, which set up the metaphorical clock at the start of the Cold War, moved its time to 85 seconds to midnight — four seconds closer than a year ago.

The announcement comes a year into United States (US) President Donald Trump’s second term, in which he has shattered norms — ordering unilateral attacks abroad, deploying force at home in defiance of local authorities and withdrawing from a slew of international organizations.

Russia, China, the US and other major countries have “become increasingly aggressive, adversarial and nationalistic,” said a statement announcing the clock shift, determined after consultations with a board that includes eight Nobel laureates.

“Hard-won global understandings are collapsing, accelerating a winner-takes-all great power competition and undermining the international cooperation critical to reducing the risks of nuclear war, climate change, the misuse of biotechnology, the potential threat of artificial intelligence and other apocalyptic dangers.”

The Doomsday Clock board warned of heightened risks of a nuclear arms race, with the New START nuclear arms reduction treaty between the US and Russia set to expire next week.

“For the first time in over half a century, there will be nothing preventing a runaway nuclear arms race,” Daniel Holz, a University of Chicago physicist who chairs the Bulletin’s Science and Security Board, told a virtual news conference.

Trump has threatened to resume nuclear testing and is pushing a costly “Golden Dome” missile defense system that would further militarize space.

The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, founded by Albert Einstein, Robert Oppenheimer and other nuclear scientists at the University of Chicago, initially placed the clock at seven minutes to midnight in 1947.

It was moved closer last year but by only one second, amid guarded hopes on newly reinaugurated Trump’s promises to pursue peace and cooperation.

“The problem is that rhetoric has not matched actions at all,” said Alexandra Bell, president and CEO of the Bulletin.