U.S. Republicans have passed a major legislative package, dubbed the "One Big Beautiful Bill," giving President Donald Trump the biggest legislative victory of his second term.

After weeks of closed-door negotiations over the sprawling text — and several day-and-night debates — the House of Representatives narrowly approved a final version of the bill Thursday, following a razor-thin vote in the Senate.

Trump is set to sign the bill into law on Friday, July 4, Independence Day.

The 869-page package includes wide-ranging reforms touching on tax policy, immigration, energy, social welfare, and national defense. Below are some key provisions:

Taxes

• Income tax cuts passed under Trump's first term become permanent.

• Creates new tax deductions for tips and overtime pay — a major Trump campaign pledge — but only through 2028.

• Allows businesses to immediately deduct research and development expenses.

• Temporarily quadruples a tax deduction for state and local taxes (SALT).

Immigration crackdown

• Allocates $46.5 billion for border infrastructure, including wall construction.

• Provides $45 billion to create additional migrant detention facilities with 100,000 beds.

• Funds the hiring of 10,000 Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) officers.

• Creates new fines for asylum seekers and migrants caught attempting illegal entry.

Clean energy cuts

• Rolls back clean energy tax credits from former President Joe Biden's Inflation Reduction Act.

• Phases out federal subsidies for new wind and solar energy projects unless they enter service before 2028 or begin construction within one year of the bill’s enactment.

• Ends the $7,500 tax credit for electric vehicle purchases after Sept. 30, 2025 — drawing particular ire from Trump’s former top ally, Tesla CEO Elon Musk.

• Establishes a new tax credit for producing metallurgical coal, largely used in steel production.

Debt limit

• Increases the nation’s borrowing limit by $5 trillion — a bitter pill for some Republican fiscal hawks.

Safety net programs

• Implements new restrictions on welfare programs for the poor and disabled, particularly Medicaid and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).

• Requires able-bodied individuals under age 65 without young children to work at least 80 hours per month to qualify for Medicaid or SNAP.

• Creates a $50 billion, five-year fund to support rural hospitals, partially offsetting broader cuts.

Women’s health

• Blocks federal funding to Planned Parenthood for one year, a frequent target of GOP lawmakers over its abortion services.

Other provisions

• Establishes savings accounts for newborns with $1,000 deposits, called “Trump Accounts.”

• Allocates $25 billion for Trump’s “Golden Dome” missile defense initiative.

• Boosts space programs, including $10 billion for a Mars mission and $325 million to decommission the International Space Station.

• Imposes a new tax on the endowments of wealthy universities.

Trump and congressional Republicans have hailed the legislation as a “historic win” for conservative governance, though the bill is expected to face legal and political challenges in the coming months.