Health experts in Cebu are raising awareness about Invasive Meningococcal Disease (IMD), a rare but serious bacterial infection that can progress rapidly and become life-threatening within 24 hours.

Dr. Jo Janette dela Calzada, a pediatric neurologist, emphasizes that IMD often begins with flu-like symptoms before escalating into a medical emergency.

“Symptoms like headache, sore throat, nausea, difficulty breathing, and irritability may seem mild at first, but the disease can worsen quickly. Without immediate medical attention, it can be fatal within 24 hours,” she explains.

IMD is caused by the Neisseria meningitidis bacteria, which spreads through respiratory droplets from coughing, sneezing, or close contact. Once the bacteria enters the body, it can lead to sepsis (blood poisoning) or meningitis (brain inflammation), both of which can result in severe health issues or death.

Given the rapid progression of IMD, parents may not realize their child is in danger until it’s too late. Survivors may experience long-term neurological and behavioral complications, impacting their development and quality of life.

Cebu, part of Central Visayas, has recorded some of the highest rates of Meningococcal cases in the country. In 2021, the region ranked second nationwide with 14 confirmed cases (13 percent), following the National Capital Region with 21 cases (19 percent). Central Visayas also reported the highest number of births in the region in 2023, with 49,098 registered births, increasing the risk for infants and young children under five, particularly in their first year of life.

“Parents should be aware of the warning signs and consult a doctor immediately if they suspect IMD. Acting quickly can make all the difference,” said Dr. Jonathan Lim, a pediatric infectious disease expert. He emphasized that early recognition and swift medical intervention are crucial in managing IMD.

Dr. Lim also stressed the importance of awareness: “Awareness of its risks, symptoms, and prevention is essential. Parents should consult their pediatricians for complete protection against this fast-moving, potentially life-altering disease.”

IMD is caused by one of 13 serogroups of the Neisseria meningitidis bacteria, with six — A, B, C, X, W, and Y — being the most common worldwide. Alarmingly, in the Philippines, Serogroup B has emerged as the dominant strain, accounting for 68 percent of cases from 2018-2023. “Serogroup B has been the most reported group in blood and cerebrospinal fluid PCR surveillance tests,” Dr. Lim added. “This shift makes it more critical than ever for parents and healthcare providers to recognize the disease and act swiftly.”