Unpaid wages dominate a growing number of complaints by migrant workers in Qatar, the UN labor agency said Tuesday, 19 days from the start of the football World Cup.

The International Labour Organization said the number of worker complaints more than doubled in a year to 34,425 with the launch of a new online platform, in a report which called on Qatar to bolster the implementation of reforms launched after criticism of its rights record.

"The main causes of complaints concerned non-payment of wages and end-of service benefits, and annual leave not being granted or paid," said the ILO report which added that 10,500 cases went to labor tribunals where nearly all judges ruled in favor of workers.

The report said the number of workers treated for heat-related problems linked to the Gulf state's searing summer temperatures had also fallen after the introduction of new restrictions in 2021.

It said four clinics for migrant workers treated 351 workers this summer, down from 620 in 2021 and 1,520 in 2020.

Qatar, where the World Cup starts on 20 November, has been widely criticized over conditions for migrant workers — as well as rights for women and the LGBTQ community.

The ILO said Qatar has carried out "significant" reforms that have "improved the working and living conditions for hundreds of thousands of workers" and were having an impact across the Gulf region.

"There is universal acknowledgement that more needs to be done to fully apply and enforce the labour reforms," said the report.

"We all recognize that we are not yet at the finish line, and we will build on this solid foundation to address the gaps in implementation, and ensure that all workers and employers can fully benefit from these major reforms," said Ruba Jaradat, ILO regional director for Arab states.

Germany talks

The report came out as Germany's Interior Minister Nancy Faeser met Qatari government leaders in Doha after her comments on the tiny energy-rich state caused a diplomatic storm.

Qatar, which has become increasingly frustrated over the criticism, summoned the German ambassador after Faeser said Qatar's hosting of the World Cup was "very tricky" for Germany.

Faeser and Germany's football federation chief Bernd Neuendorf met ILO officials and union representatives on Monday.

Rights groups have continued to put a fierce spotlight on Qatar's record, accusing the government of underreporting the number of deaths on mega construction projects linked to the World Cup and demanding FIFA set up a compensation fund for migrant workers.

The ILO said, in a report issued in 2021, that 50 workers had died on construction projects in 2020.

It has not updated these figures, but its report said "substantial efforts" have been made in "labor migration governance, the enforcement of the labor law and access to justice, and strengthening the voice of workers and social dialogue."

It said more than 300,000 workers had been able to change jobs after the partial dismantling of the "Kafala" labor system that previously meant a worker could not change posts or even leave the country without permission from their employer.

But it added: "There is a universal recognition that the work is not complete. This is not surprising given their (reforms) magnitude. It takes time to build institutions and change deep-rooted practices."

The ILO established a temporary office in Doha after international unions made an official complaint about Qatar in 2014.

It said that Qatar has now requested that the office become permanent — which would be its first full office in a region where labor standards are regularly criticized.