Katipunan begins resistance vs Spain

On this day, over a hundred years ago in 1896, the clamor for freedom erupted into gunfire, and the first major armed confrontation between Filipino revolutionaries and the Spanish colonial regime exploded in San Juan del Monte.

What had once been mysterious plans and secret oaths under the banner of the Kataas-taasang, Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK) became a defining moment in the pursuit of Philippine independence.

The Battle of San Juan del Monte was more than just a military engagement as it was a declaration of resistance. Andrés Bonifacio, along with over a thousand Katipuneros, launched a daring assault on Spanish-held military installations, most notably El Polvorín and the nearby El Deposito, crucial to the Spanish colonial government’s water and munitions supply.

Despite being ill-equipped and outgunned, the brave revolutionaries managed to seize these targets temporarily, a symbolic victory etched into the collective Filipino memory.

The battle, however, ended in a costly defeat. Lacking sufficient firepower, coordination, and formal military training, Bonifacio’s men faced brutal retaliation from Spanish reinforcements.

By the afternoon of 30 August, the revolutionaries were forced to retreat, leaving behind 150 dead and over 200 captured. Spanish casualties were minimal. In response, Governor-General Ramón Blanco declared martial law in eight provinces, which eventually became the mark and beginning of a bloody and prolonged struggle for liberation.

And yet, this loss was not in vain. The Battle of San Juan del Monte, despite being a military setback, ignited revolts across the country. It transformed the Katipunan from a clandestine society into a revolutionary force, and from that point on the fight for independence was irreversible.

Bonifacio may have retreated, but the revolution advanced, eventually reaching a decisive crescendo in Cavite and beyond, led by figures like Emilio Aguinaldo.

San Juan del Monte is remembered today as the “Sigaw ng Unang Putok,” the first cry that echoed through history as the symbolic birth of the Philippine Revolution. In 1974, the Pinaglabanan Shrine was established at the site of the battle, a tangible reminder of those who first dared to challenge centuries of oppression.

Monuments, museums, and commemorative events continue to honor their legacy, including the recent 127th anniversary that had its own celebration in 2023. But why does this event, over a century past, still matter?

Dignity at heart of struggle

Because the struggle at San Juan del Monte was not just about land or power, it was about dignity, identity, and nationhood. It reflected the spirit of ordinary Filipinos who, despite overwhelming odds, believed in a future where their voices mattered. It reminds us that nation-building is born not of ease, but of sacrifice, courage, and collective action.

Today, the same spirit that fueled Bonifacio and his fellow Katipuneros lingers in the Filipino psyche — in the fight for justice, in calls for good governance, and in the everyday resilience of people facing adversity.

The memory of the revolution serves as both a mirror and a beacon: it shows us how far we’ve come and lights the path for how far we still must go.