Can rooftop pools help mitigate tremors?

On 28 March, a powerful magnitude 7.7 earthquake struck just 12 miles from Mandalay, Myanmar, shaking vast portions of Southeast Asia, including neighboring Thailand. The seismic event caused extensive damage, toppling ancient pagodas, shattering bridges and leveling homes. Entire neighborhoods in Myanmar were reduced to rubble within seconds, while in Thailand, buildings swayed violently under the tremors.

One of the most widely shared images of the earthquake’s impact was a series of videos showing water cascading from the tops and sides of high-rise buildings. These dramatic visuals captured the moment when rooftop swimming pools overflowed due to the violent shaking, sending torrents of water into the streets below. While the sight was alarming, the presence of these rooftop pools may have played a crucial role in reducing structural damage to the buildings they topped.

Liquid dampers

Rooftop swimming pools, when properly designed, can function as liquid mass dampers. This principle, also seen in tuned mass dampers — large, suspended weights used in skyscrapers — helps counteract the swaying motion of a building during seismic activity.

Absorbing and dissipating seismic energy.

The water in a rooftop pool moves in response to seismic waves, helping to dissipate energy that would otherwise be absorbed by the structure itself. This reduces the overall stress on the building’s framework.

Counteracting building motion.

As the earthquake shakes the structure, the movement of water in the pool generates opposing forces, helping to stabilize the building and mitigate excessive swaying.

Engineered earthquake resistance.

Many modern rooftop pools are designed with seismic base isolation systems, flexible pipe connectors and anti-vibration pedestals to ensure they do not contribute to damage but rather aid in stabilization.

In the aftermath, Myanmar faces a dire humanitarian crisis. Already strained by political instability following a 2021 military coup, the nation now contends with mass displacement and a severely damaged infrastructure. The death toll is expected to rise as rescue operations continue, and economic losses could reach tens of billions of dollars.

Thailand, though less affected, has seen significant economic repercussions, with damage to high-rise buildings and disruptions to business operations. The images of water cascading from rooftops serve as a stark reminder of the power of seismic forces — but also as evidence that engineering innovations, like rooftop pools acting as liquid mass dampers, may provide a path toward safer urban environments in earthquake-prone regions.

As the region begins to recover, the focus must shift toward better preparedness, improved construction standards and the integration of seismic mitigation technology in urban planning. The Myanmar earthquake is a tragic yet urgent wake-up call: without proactive measures, future quakes will continue to bring devastation to vulnerable communities.