Medical experts warn of invasive meningococcal disease threat

Health experts in Cebu are raising awareness about Invasive Meningococcal Disease (IMD), a rare but serious bacterial infection that can progress rapidly, sometimes becoming life-threatening within 24 hours.

Dr. Jo Janette De La Calzada, a pediatric neurologist, stresses that IMD can begin with common flu-like symptoms before escalating into a medical emergency.

"Symptoms like headache, sore throat, nausea, difficulty breathing, and irritability may seem mild at first, but the disease can worsen quickly. Without immediate medical attention, it can be fatal within 24 hours," she explains.

IMD is caused by the Neisseria meningitidis bacteria, which spreads through respiratory droplets from coughing, sneezing, or close contact. Once it enters the body, the infection can develop into sepsis (blood poisoning) or meningitis (brain inflammation), both of which can lead to severe health issues or even death.

Because IMD progresses so quickly, parents may not realize their child is in danger until it's too late. Survivors of IMD may experience long-term neurological and behavioral complications, which can impact their development and quality of life.

Central Visayas, particularly Cebu, has recorded some of the highest Meningococcal cases in the country. In 2021, it ranked second in reported cases nationwide, with 14 confirmed cases, or 13 percent. The National Capital Region (NCR) led with 21 cases, or 19 percent, followed by CALABARZON with 13 cases, or 12 percent, and Central Luzon with 11 cases, or 10 percent.

In addition, Cebu Province reported the highest number of births in Central Visayas in 2023, with 49,098 registered births. Since infants and young children under 5 years are most at risk, especially infants in their first year of life, medical experts urge parents to be extra vigilant.

"Parents should be aware of the warning signs and consult a doctor right away if they suspect IMD. Acting quickly can make all the difference," Dr. Jonathan Lim, a pediatric infectious disease expert, said.

He stressed that recognizing symptoms early and seeking immediate medical care is critical in managing IMD, as swift actions can save lives.

"Awareness of its risks, symptoms, and prevention is essential," he added. "Parents should consult their pediatricians on the complete protection against this fast-moving and potentially life-altering disease."

Every child deserves the opportunity to grow, play, and reach their full potential. By recognizing the warning signs of IMD early and seeking medical care immediately, parents can help protect their children from a disease that can take away those possibilities in just one day.

Serogroup B emerges as the dominant group in the Philippines. Out of the 13 serogroups of IMD, six—A, B, C, X, W, and Y—are the leading causes of all life-threatening cases worldwide. Alarmingly, in the Philippines, serogroup B poses a significant threat, accounting for 68 percent of cases in the country from 2018-2023, making it the leading cause of IMD in the country.

"Serogroup B has been the most reported group in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) PCR surveillance tests. This shift makes it more important than ever for parents and healthcare providers to recognize the disease and act swiftly," Dr. Lim cited.